Metrology and the source of exact sciences

What put the beginning of the development of such exact sciences like mathematics, geometry, astronomy, chemistry etc.? And why are they so connected with metrology? All exact sciences are based on different concepts and suppositions that were put forward centuries ago and after that taken as so-called standards, the basis. Considering the definition of metrology term - it is a science about measurements compared to standards. May this be evidence of the connection between metrology and such sciences? The author of this article shares various facts which can prove such connection.
Author(s):  Bryanskiy L.
Issue:  KIPiS 2011 #6